Range.



W. S. HADAWAY, JR.

RANGE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.9. 1914. 1,155 480. Patented ott. 5,1915. 3SHEETS-SHEET I.

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RANGE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 9. I914.

Patented Oct. 5, 1915.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2 in uMMik INVE/V TOR k WITNESSES C.

A TTORNEY W. S. HADAWAY, JR.

RANGE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.9. 19H.

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3 SHEETSSH Patented Oct.

INVENTOH m... 8.. H gt ATTORNEY WILLIAM s. I-IADAWAY, an, on NEWROCHELLE, NEW "$203K.

RANGE.

' Application filed March 9, 1914.

My invention relates to electrically heated stoves and ranges and toelectric heaters therefor.

One object is to provide a range that shall be structurally simple anddurable and comprise a plurality of relatively independent compositeinsulating bodies or slabs and suitable means for joining them toproduce a unitary structure.

Another object is to provide a range having a plurality of similarreceiving openings and guide members into which any one of a pluralityof interchangeable heater units may be inserted.

Another object is to provide a range having interchangeable heater unitsthat shall comprise a relatively massive support of heat absorbentmaterial such as soapstone, and a heater element secured thereto butspaced at a short distance therefrom, whereby the element first may beraised to a high temperature upon the application of electric currentand useful heat immediately radiated therefrom, then heat graduallyimparted to the heat absorbent body until its temperature is high and itcooperates with and boosts the temperature of the heating element, andfinally useful heat drawn gradually from the heat absorbent materialafter the electric energy is cut ofi.

Other objects and advantages of my in vention will be set forthhereinafter, and in order that my invention may be thoroughlyunderstood, I will proceed to describe the same in the followingspecification, and then point out the novel features thereof in appendedclaims.

Referring to the drawings: Figure 1 is a partially sectional frontelevation of a range arranged and constructedin accordance withSpecification of Letters Patent.

PatentedOct. 5, 1915.

Serial No. 823,372.

my invention. A sectional elevation at right angles to that of Fig. 1 isshown in Fig. 2. Fig. 3 is a partially sectional plan view of the samerange. which forms a part of the range and which embodies my invention,is shown in plan v1ew.1n Fig. i, and in side and end elevationsrespectively in Figs. 5 and 6. Figs. 7 8 and 9 are detail views showingthe structure of the heater unit on a larger scale.

The range illustrated in the drawings comprises a plurality of sectionswhich may be referred to as bricks or slabs and which are structurallycomplete and independent of each other, while they are similar to eachother in construction they differ in their dimensions and make-up,depending upon their purpose and location in the range. Thisconstruction may of course be applied to a single range but itsusefulness is particularly well illustrated by a double or twopart rangesuch as that shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3.

. A pair of similar slabs 10 are supported at a short distance above theplane of the floor or deck, by means of a frame 11 and constitute thebottom of the range. A slab 12 is at each side of the range, and anintermediate slab 14. separates. between the two parts of the range andis midway between the"sides.

Horizontal slabs 16 are supported by the vertical slabs 12 and 14 andconstitute a dividing wall between a pair of bake ovens 20 and broilingovens 25. As a continuation of the side walls, slabs 18 are mounted onthe slabs '16 at their outer edges and an intermediate slab 22 forms acontinuation of the middle partition, slabs 24, which correspond to theslabs 16, being mounted on the vertical slabs 18 and 22.

A pair of grates 30 constitute the stove top and are supported byrelatively small slabs 32 which'form continuations of the sides, and anintermediate slab 34 which forms a continuation of the mid partition.Bricks or slabs 36 which are structurally similar to the slab 32, arelocated in the upper corners of both the baking and broiling ovens. Apair of them is located in the The electric heater unit lower corners ofthe relatively shallow space I the box and are spaced from eachother andfrom the box by a plurality of angle strips 15. These plates may beformed of any suit able material but I prefer toutilize an alloycomprising copper and known to thetrade as bi-metal.

It is evident that the combination of the insulating packing and theseries of spaced reflecting plates, is particularly advantageous for thepurpose of preventing the transfer of heat from the interior of the ovento the outside air through the range walls and the absorption of heat inthe walls. Each of the slabs 18, 32 and 36 corresponds in constructionto the above described slab 12, and the slabs 10 only differ from theslab 12 in the thickness of insulating packing and the number ofreflector plates.

The slabs 14, 22 and 34 are similar to each other in structure andcomprise an intermediate section of packing with a reflector plate oneach side.

It is evident that the number of reflector plates used and thedimensions of any of the slabs, and the arrangement of its parts, willdepend upon the location of the slab in the range.

Within the bake oven 20, removable shelves 21 are supported in the usualman ner, by'means of angle strips 23.

In the bake oven between the slabs 36 is removably mounted a heater unit40, angle strips 41 being mountedon the inner edges of the slabs toconstitute guideways for the unit. The same arrangement exists in thebroiling oven as that just described in connection with the bake oven.The slabs 36 which are located immediately below the grate at the top ofthe stove, are provided with guide strips 43 which are also adapted forthe purpose of supporting a heater unit, but are located near the middleof the adjacent edges of the slabs.

Special attention is directed to the fact that the slabs 36 are spacedapart by equal distances so that interchangeable heater units may beemployed and utilized either.- for heating the bake oven, in thebroiler, or for heating the stove top.

The back of the range is composed of a sing-leslab 50 which is similarto the slab 12 except that it is provided with a plurality of fiues 51which are arranged to ventilate the baking and broiling ovens.' As shownin Fig. 1, each of these flues is provided with a damper 52 controlledin the usual manner by a handle 53.

The front of the stove is closed by a series of doors 60, 61 and 62.Each of the doors consists essentially of a slab which is constructedalong the lines of the slab 12.

With special reference to Figs. 4 to 9 inclusive, the structure of theheater unit which I prefer to employ, forms the subject matter of adivisional application Serial No. 839,672 filed May 20, 1914, andcomprises a slab or board of heat absorbing material, such as forexample, soap-stone. The slab or board may be built up of a plurality ofsections as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the sections being tied together bymetal rods or bars 72 which are spaced from the slabs by washers 73 andare secured to them by through-bolts 74. As more fully explained, theheads of these bolts form supports for resistance conductors 75 whichare supported in parallelism with one surface of the slab or'board fromwhich they are spaced at a short distance. The through-bolts are shownon a larger scale in Fig. 9.

The resistance conductor 75 is preferably in the form of a zigzag ribbonwhich is supported at its respective ends by the through-bolts. diatepoints in its length it is supported by clips 78 which are fastened tothe plate or board by the screws 77. The arrangement of the resistanceribbon resembles that of my copending application Serial No. 791,935filed September 26, 1912, except that the support shown in the aforesaidapplication was composed of sheet metal and is in the form of acylinder.

I am aware that soap-stone bodies have been used in connection withresistance units but hitherto the conductor has either been wound uponand in contact with the soap-stone or has been embedded in it. Theheater unit of my present invention is materially different from thestructures of this kind and possesses unique and particularlyadvantageous characteristics which have been outlined in the statedobjects of my invention and Will now be discussed more in detail.

Considering first the resistance unit as used-in the bake-oven 20 (seeFig. 1) when electric energy is supplied to the heating conductor, it isinstantly raised to a high temperature at which a large proportion ofits heat is transferred from it by radiation. This heat radiates in alldirections and hence more than half of it is immediately of service forcooking or in heating the oven. The remainder of the heat radiated isvery gradually absorbed by the soap-stone or other heat absorbing bodyor slab, adjacent to which the heating conductor is mounted and by whichit is supported. If, according to prior practice, the conductor had beenplaced in contact with the heat absorbing body practically all the heatgenerated in the conductor would have been trans- At a' plurality ofinterme-' ferred to the soap-stone body until its temperature wasmaterially increased and by reason of its mass considerable time wouldhave been consumed necessarily.

As soon as the proportion of radiated heat which is absorbed in thesoap-stone has heated the soap-stone to a temperature which approachesthat of the radiant heater, the soap-stone itself begins to radiate heatand to very closely cooperate with the heating conductor inasmuch as itpermits the same electrical energy in the conductor to produce a verymuch higher temperature. In other words, the soap-stone when once it hasacquired a certain temperature, acts as a booster to raise thetemperature of the heating conductor. This action may be continued untilthe heat stored in the soap-stone is sufiicient to complete the bakingor cooking operation which is being done in the oven Electric currentmay then be cut off from the conductor and heat gradually given up bythe soap-stone to the oven.

From the foregoing description of the characteristics of the heater unitin operation, it is evident that the same unit is adapted for use in thebake-oven, in the broiler, and for heating the stove top. 4 I believethat in this particular, the heater of my present invention differs fromall those previously produced and the advantages of such an arrangementare obvious; for ,example,in the range illustrated there are six unitsemployed for the entire stove and while the units are used .for varyingpurposes they are structurally identical and interchang'eable.

WVhere a plurality of ranges are used in a single installation as forexample in the equipment of a battleship, the fact that all the unitsare identical and interchangeable and that consequently only a few spareunits need be carried, is of extreme importance.

A vertical conduit 80, through which terminal leads 82 extend, isgrouped with the flues 5 1 and is centrally located so that it isopposite the mid partition of the range and connects with a horizontalconduit 81 therein. Y

The connections to the units 40 are made at the front of the range asshown in Fig. 3, and are all carried in the same conduits and extendupwardly through the conduit to a switchboard (not shown) which may besupported on the back upper extension of the range.

My invention is of course not restricted to the specific structuresillustrated and I intend that only such limitations be imposed as areindicated in appended claims.

lVhat I claim is:

1. A range comprising a plurality of complete independent compositeheat-insulating slabs'arranged to produce a baking oven or inclosure anda stove top recess each having a channel space, interchangeable heaterunits removably supported in said channel spaces and comprising a slabof heat absorbing material and a radiant heater associated therewith,said heater units being adapted to be mounted with the slab of heatabsorbing material either above or below the radiant heater.

2. A range comprising a baking oven, a broiling compartment and a stovetop grate, a pair of spaced insulating blocks below the top grate andcorrespondingly spaced pairs of insulating blocks at the top of thebaking oven and the broiling compartment, guide members secured to theadjacent surfaces of said insulating blocks, and interchangeable heaterunits mounted in the spaces between the blocks and supported by saidguide members.

3. A. range comprising a baking oven, a broiling compartment and a stovetop grate, a pair of spaced insulating blocks below the top grate andcorrespondingly spaced pairs of insulating blocks at the top of thebaking oven and the broiling compartment, guide members secured to theadjacent surfaces of said insulating blocks, and interchangeable heaterunits mounted in the spaces between the blocks and supported by saidguide members, each of the heater units comprising a slab of heatabsorbing material and a radiant heater conductor supported by the slaband spaced from a surface thereof.

4. A range comprising a baking oven, a broiling compartment and a stovetop grate, a pair of spaced insulating blocks below the top grate andcorrespondingly spaced pairs of insulating blocks at the top of thebaking oven and the broiling compartment, guide members secured to theadjacent surfaces of said insulating blocks, and interchangeable heaterunits mounted in the spaces between the blocks and supported by saidguide members, each of the heater units comprising a slab of heatabsorbing material and a radiant heater conductor supported by the slaband spaced from a surface thereof, heater units being adapted to beinserted in the baking oven and the broiling compartment with theradiant heater conductor suspended below its bottom surface and aheating unit for the top grate being supported with radiant heater abovethe slab and below the grating.

5. A range comprising an oven and a stove top grate, a pair of spacedinsulating blocks below the top grate and a correspondingly spaced pairof insulating blocks at the top of the oven, guide members secured tothe adjacent surfaces of said insulating blocks, and interchangeableheater units mounted in the spaces between the blocks and supported bysaid guide members.

6. A range comprising a baking oven and a broiling compartment,correspondingly spaced pairs of insulating blocks at the top In Witnesswhereof, I have hereunto set of the baking oven and the broiling commyhand in the presence of tWo subscribing partment, guide members securedto the ad- Witnesses, this 5th day of March, 1914.

gacent surfaces of said insulating blocks and WILLIAM S. HADAWAY, J R.interchangeable heater units mounted in the Witnesses: spaces betweenthe blocks and supported by R. J. DEARBQRN,

said guide members. F. GRAVES.

